Venous thromboembolism is a term that includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. DVT occurs when a blood clot develops in a deep vein in the body. The most common place is the veins of the legs or pelvis—but they can also develop in the arms, brain, or intestines. Not all DVTs break free, but if they do, it can be life threatening. The clot can travel through the circulatory system to the lungs and lodge in a main-lung artery, blocking blood flow and causing severe strain on the heart. This is called a pulmonary embolism (PE). At least one in 10 people will die within 30 days of developing a PE.

VTE is common—affecting as many as 600,000 in the U.S. If you’ve been diagnosed with VTE, it’s important to be able to recognize symptoms, take steps to prevent recurrence, and seek prompt medical attention if you think you may be experiencing a VTE.

Blood clots in the veins can occur because of damage to the veins due to surgery, serious injuries, extended bedrest or lack of movement, pregnancy and post-delivery, older age, smoking, being overweight or obese, use of certain mediations, and clotting disorders. 

Symptoms of a DVT can include swelling, pain or tenderness, warmth in the swollen area, and red or discolored skin. If the DVT progresses to a PE, symptoms can include unexplained shortness of breath; pain in chest, back, or side that is made worse with deep breathing or coughing; rapid breathing; coughing up blood; or a rapid heart rate.

Sometimes a clot-busting medication can help dissolve blood clots although a procedure may be needed to break up the clot. Surgical removal or insertion of a filter may also be necessary. Anticoagulants are often prescribed after a VTE to prevent future events.